Rules

The game’s rules are based on Naismith’s five principles, requiring the hand to handle a large, light ball; no running with the ball; no player restricted from receiving the ball during Play; no personal connection; and a level, high goal. The rules are elaborated by the governing bodies of several branches of the sport and cover pitches and equipment, officials, players, scoring and timing, fouls, infractions, and other matters. Officials include one referee and two referees for college games (two referees and one captain for NBA games), two timers, and two scorers. One player from each team serves as captain & speaks on behalf of the group, involving officials, such as the interpretation of rules. The professional competition, international competition, and high school competition are divided into four periods, and the college competition is divided into two periods.

 

Since 1895-96, 2 points from the field and one from the free throw line. When the ABA was formed in 1967, it allowed field goals from beyond the 25-foot (7.6-meter) borderline to the rim. Along with the distance change, this change was officially adopted by the NBA in 1979 and by the universities in 1985.

 

Basketball is a challenging sport, even though it’s officially a non-contact sport. A player can pass or bounce (dribble) the ball to a position where he or a teammate can attempt a shot. A foul is committed every time a player makes contact with an opponent, which puts him at a disadvantage; during the 2001-2002 season.

 

The NBA approved a change of rule that eliminated touch fouls, meaning that if not hindering an offensive player’s progress, Brief touches initiated by defensive players are permitted. If a player is fouled while making a shot and the shot is good, the basket counts as a free throw (an unimpeded shot from the free throw line or behind the foul line, which is 15 feet [4.6 m] from the backboard); If the shot is missed, he will get a second free throw. If a foul is performed against a player who is not shooting, his team will gain possession, and a free throw will be awarded if the other team is on a free throw. In college basketball, free throws are essential “one-on-one” (including one free throw, if free throw, then a second free throw) until the opposing team fouls the 10th halftime, creating a “double bonus” situation. All fouls will automatically result in two free throws. In NBA and international games, get a pair of free throws immediately when the team goes into free throw mode. Violations such as unsportsmanlike conduct or grabbing the rim are technical fouls that result in free throws and possession of the ball. An excessively violent foul is called a rough foul and can result in free throws and possession. Players are allowed a certain number of fouls per game (6 in the NBA, 5 in most other games) and will be removed from the game when the foul reaches its limit.

 

Terms commonly used in basketball include:

 

Blocking

Any unlawful personal contact disrupts an opponent’s progress without the ball.

 

Dribble

Move the ball by bouncing it. The dribble will end when a player touches the ball with both hands simultaneously or does not continue the dribble.

 

Held ball

Called when one or both hands of two opponents are firmly on the ball, and neither side can gain possession of the ball without being overly rough. It is also called when a frontcourt player is so heavily defended that he cannot pass the ball, attempt to score, or prevent the ball from entering the game.

 

Jump ball

The referee threw the ball to two opponents who were trying to pass the ball to teammates. The jump ball is used to start a game in professional games when the ball has two opposing players simultaneously.

 

Pass

Throwing, hitting, or rolling the ball at another player. The main types are:

1. Chest pass, where the ball is released from a position in front of the chest.
2. Bounce pass, where the ball bounces off the floor to get it over the defending opponent.
3. Rolling pass on the floor.
4. Hook pass (side or overhead).
5. Baseball pass in which one hand throws the ball a longer distance like a baseball throw.

 

Pivot

A movement in which a dribbler steps one or more times in any direction with the same foot while the other foot (turn foot) remains at the point of contact with the ground.

 

Pivot player

Another term for the center; is also known as post-player. He can start offense from just above the free throw line.

 

Rebound

Both teams attempted to get the ball after a failed layup attempt, but the ball didn’t go out of bounds and was still in Play.

 

Screen or Pick

The legal action of a player, other than accidental contact, to delay or prevent an opponent from reaching his desired position.

 

Shots from the field

The primary way to shoot is the layup, the shooter jumps and leans the ball against the backboard as it gets close to the hoop, so it bounces to the ring or puts the ball on the hoop. Away from the basket, players use one-handed push shots from stride, jump, or standing positions and hook overhead shots. Some players can dunk or dunk the ball into the basket.

 

Travelling (walking with a ball)

Go in any direction that exceeds the specified limit while holding the ball, usually two steps.

turnover

The team loses possession of the ball due to a mistake or rule violation.

These are other special terms

 

Game principles

Each team consists of five players, including two forwards, two defenders, and a center, usually the tallest person on the team. At the start of the first quarter of the game, the ball is put into play by a midfield jump ball; that is, the referee throws the ball up between the opposing centers, higher than either side can jump, and as it goes down.

 

Everyone tries tapping the ball to one of his teammates, who must remain outside the center circle until the ball is tapped. Subsequent professional and college games began with a foul. The referee also signals a jump ball when opposing players share possession (hold the ball) or the ball goes out of bounds simultaneously. In American college games, the alternating possession rule is invoked in a jump ball situation, with teams taking turns taking possession of the ball. After each successful field goal (shooting), the ball is put back into Play by the scoring team, and one player makes a pass from behind the scoring end line.

 

After a non-shooting violation, the ball will be awarded to the opposing team and passed to the opposing team at the point designated by the referee.

 

The player in possession must pass or shoot before taking two steps or start dribbling before taking the second step. When the dribble stops, the players must stop moving and pass or shoot. The ball can be tapped or hit with the hand, passed, bounced, or rolled in any direction.

 

As basketball has evolved, various coaches and players have devised complex game and offensive strategies. Some systems emphasize speed, dexterous ball control, and high scoring; others emphasize ball control, slower pattern movement, and lower scoring. A speed-based strategy is called a fast break. When fast-breakers regain possession of the ball in the backcourt, such as rebounding from a missed shot, they combine speed and passing to play in the frontcourt and try to shoot defense before the opponent has time to prepare.

 

Some teams employ a more thoughtful offensive style, either following the overall game plan or as an alternative when they don’t have the opportunity to fast break. Fixed offense models typically use one or two center or post players who play in the low post (within a few feet of the rim) or high position (near the free throw line) near the free throw area. Pivots are usually the taller players on the team who can catch, pass to teammates, shoot, screen for teammates, tip-offs, or rebound (recover) missed shots. All players on the team are constantly in motion, executing patterns designed to give one player a good shot – while putting one or more teammates in a good position to make up the ball or rebound if that player misses.

 

Defense systems have also evolved over the years. One of the main strategies is called person-to-person. Each player guards a specific opponent unless “swapped” with a teammate when he is screened or in a more threatening scoring position to guard another player. Another primary strategy is a zone or five-man defense. Each player has a specific area to defend, no matter which opponent is playing in that area. This zone is designed to prevent the offense from getting to the rim and force the offense to take a long shot.

 

Numerous variations and combinations must take advantage of several aspects of man-to-man and zone defense strategies. Presses can be man-to-man or zone presses and are used by teams to defend their opponents so thoroughly that the opponent is forced to move faster, especially with turnovers that lead to turnovers. The full-court press applies this pressure defense when the opponent gets the ball on one end of the court. Well-trained teams can adapt their offensive and defensive strategies based on the changing circumstances of the game and the particular strengths and weaknesses of their opponents and style of Play.